Crypto Country GuideCrypto rules and tax, country by country

Spain: filing and deadlines

Last reviewed: October 2026

On this page
  1. Deadline calendar
  2. Individuals: step by step
    1. Do you have to file?
    2. Crypto in the return
    3. Modelo 721: crypto held abroad
    4. Wealth tax and solidarity tax returns
    5. Late filing and corrections
  3. Companies
  4. What providers report (modelos 172 and 173, DAC8)
  5. Records: what to keep and for how long
  6. Penalties and voluntary disclosure
  7. Sources
  • The income tax return for 2025 (modelo 100) was due between 8 April and 30 June 2026. Crypto sales and swaps go in a specific section of the return.
  • If you hold more than €50,000 in crypto with providers outside Spain on 31 December, you also file the modelo 721 between 1 January and 31 March.
  • The wealth tax return (modelo 714) has the same dates as the income tax return; the solidarity tax return (modelo 718) is due in July.
  • Spanish crypto providers report your balances and transactions to the AEAT every January (modelos 172 and 173). The EU directive DAC8 had not been transposed into Spanish law in October 2026.
  • Late or wrong returns cost a surcharge of 1% plus 1% per month (15% after 12 months) if you correct them before the AEAT contacts you, or a penalty of 50% to 150% of the unpaid tax if it finds them first.

This page covers when and how to report crypto to the Agencia Tributaria (AEAT). How the tax is calculated is on personal tax and business tax. It is general information, not tax advice. The Basque Country and Navarre have their own tax rules and tax authorities; this page follows the rules for the rest of Spain.

Deadline calendar

The dates below are for the 2025 tax year, filed in 2026, as published by the AEAT and in the Official State Gazette (BOE). Later years follow a similar pattern, but the exact dates are set each year.

DateWhatWho
31 December 2025 (23:59)Valuation date: crypto balances on this date count for the wealth tax, the solidarity tax and the modelo 721Individuals
1 to 31 January 2026Modelo 172 (balances) and modelo 173 (transactions) for 2025Spanish crypto providers
1 January to 31 March 2026Modelo 721: crypto held abroad on 31 December 2025Individuals and companies
8 April to 30 June 2026Income tax return 2025 (modelo 100) and wealth tax return 2025 (modelo 714). 25 June 2026 was the last day if you paid by direct debitIndividuals
1 to 31 July 2026Solidarity tax return 2025 (modelo 718)Individuals with net wealth above €3,000,000
1 to 25 July 2026Corporate income tax return 2025 (modelo 200) for a financial year equal to the calendar yearCompanies
5 November 2026Second instalment (40%) if you split the income tax paymentIndividuals

Individuals: step by step

Do you have to file?

Under Article 96 of the Income Tax Act you do not have to file if your income comes only from certain sources and stays below set limits, for example salary up to €22,000, or interest and gains subject to withholding up to €1,600. Gains from selling or swapping crypto are not subject to withholding, so they are not covered by those limits. In any case you do not have to file if your total salary, capital income, business income and gains are at most €1,000 a year and your losses are below €500. In practice, if you sold or swapped crypto at a gain or a loss during the year, check whether you must file; reporting a loss also lets you set it off against later gains.

Crypto in the return

  • Report each sale for euros and each swap between crypto-assets in the section “Ganancias y pérdidas patrimoniales derivadas de la transmisión o permuta de monedas virtuales por particulares” of the income tax return, as the AEAT’s manual describes.
  • For each operation you need the type of coin, the transfer value and the purchase value in euros, using FIFO (see personal tax).
  • Staking, DeFi and lending rewards are capital income in the savings base; airdrops are a gain in the general base.
  • If you split the payment, you pay 60% when you file and 40% by 5 November 2026, without interest.

Modelo 721: crypto held abroad

Residents of Spain file the modelo 721 if the crypto they hold with providers outside Spain is worth more than €50,000 in total on 31 December. The AEAT’s answers to common questions explain the rules:

  • Only custodial crypto. The modelo covers crypto held by a person or company that keeps private keys on behalf of others and is not resident or established in Spain. Crypto in a wallet where you control the private keys yourself, hot or cold, does not count.
  • What you report. The name and address or website of the provider, each type of coin, and the balance on 31 December in units and in euros, per coin.
  • Later years. After a first modelo 721 you only file again if the total value rose by more than €20,000 compared with the last modelo you filed, or if you no longer hold crypto that you declared earlier (for example because you sold it).
  • Heirs. Heirs must report the end of ownership when someone who filed a modelo 721 dies.

Wealth tax and solidarity tax returns

You file the wealth tax return (modelo 714) if you owe wealth tax, or if your assets are worth more than €2,000,000 even when you owe nothing. Crypto is included at its value on 31 December. The solidarity tax return (modelo 718) is filed between 1 and 31 July. The rules are on personal tax.

Late filing and corrections

We found no general extension of the filing period for the income tax return on the AEAT’s pages. If you file late, or correct a return with a supplementary return (autoliquidación complementaria), before the AEAT contacts you, you pay a surcharge instead of a penalty: 1% plus 1% for each full month of delay, and 15% plus late-payment interest after 12 months (General Tax Act, Article 27). The surcharge is reduced by 25% if you pay in full on time.

Companies

A company files its corporate income tax return (modelo 200) within 25 calendar days after the six months that follow the end of its financial year (Corporate Income Tax Act, Article 124). With a financial year equal to the calendar year 2025, that was 1 to 25 July 2026. A company that records its crypto individually in its accounts does not file the modelo 721 for it.

What providers report (modelos 172 and 173, DAC8)

Spain already has its own reporting rules for crypto providers, in force since the 2023 tax year:

  • Modelo 172. Providers resident or established in Spain that hold crypto for customers report, every January, the balance of each coin and of money held for each customer on 31 December, and who the owners are.
  • Modelo 173. Providers resident or established in Spain that exchange crypto for money or for other crypto, act as intermediaries, or hold crypto for customers report every purchase, sale, swap and transfer, with names, addresses, tax numbers, type and number of coins, price and date.
  • Values for the wealth tax. The AEAT says the euro value a Spanish custodian reports on the modelo 172 can be used for the wealth tax if no market price is available.

The EU directive DAC8 makes crypto providers across the EU collect and report customer data. In Spain the bill that transposes it (121/000060) was sent to parliament on 3 June 2025 and was still at committee stage in October 2026. A draft order published for public consultation on 6 March 2026 plans a new modelo 175 for providers (due every January), a registration form (modelo 042), the end of the modelo 173 from the 2026 tax year, and new names for the modelos 172 and 721 (“criptoactivos” instead of “monedas virtuales”). These are drafts and do not yet apply. Spain also published the multilateral agreement on the OECD Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) in the BOE on 27 May 2025.

Records: what to keep and for how long

Individuals. You must keep the documents that support everything in your return for the limitation period (Income Tax Act, Article 104(1)). The AEAT can generally assess tax for four years, counted from the day after the filing deadline (General Tax Act, Articles 66 and 67), and can check losses you carry forward for up to ten years (Article 66 bis). For crypto this means in practice:

  • proof of every purchase, with date, price in euros and fees, for as long as you hold the coins and four years after the year you sell them, because the purchase value determines the gain under FIFO;
  • exchange statements and wallet records of every sale, swap, staking reward and airdrop, with the euro value on the day;
  • your balances on 31 December if you file the wealth tax or the modelo 721.

This matters because assets you cannot explain from your declared income or wealth can be taxed as unjustified gains (ganancias patrimoniales no justificadas) in the general base of the year they are found, unless you prove you owned them before the limitation period (Article 39).

Businesses. Businesses keep their books, correspondence and supporting documents for six years from the last entry in the books (Commercial Code, Article 30), and in any case for the tax limitation period.

Penalties and voluntary disclosure

SituationConsequence (as published, October 2026)
Return filed late or corrected before the AEAT contacts youSurcharge of 1% plus 1% per full month; 15% plus interest after 12 months; no penalty
Unpaid tax found by the AEAT, up to €3,000 or without concealmentPenalty of 50% of the unpaid tax
Unpaid tax above €3,000 with concealmentPenalty of 50% to 100%
Fraudulent meansPenalty of 100% to 150%
Information return (such as the modelo 721) not filed on time, without loss to the TreasuryGeneral rule for information returns: €20 per item of data, minimum €300, maximum €20,000; half if filed late without a request
Unpaid tax above €120,000 per tax and yearTax fraud offence: one to five years in prison and a fine (Criminal Code, Article 305)

The penalties are in Articles 191 and 198 of the General Tax Act. For the modelo 721 the old special regime no longer exists: after the EU Court ruled on 27 January 2022 (case C-788/19) that parts of the rules for foreign assets (modelo 720) breached EU law, Act 5/2022 removed the special penalties, so the general rules apply. We found no AEAT page that applies Article 198 to the modelo 721 specifically. Act 5/2022 also changed the rule on unjustified gains, so the limitation period now protects assets you owned before it.

Forgot to declare crypto? Correcting your return before the AEAT contacts you replaces the penalty with the surcharge described above. Spanish providers already report your transactions every January, so the AEAT increasingly knows about crypto held in Spain.

Sources

This page is general information, not tax advice. Rules, amounts and dates change, so check the official sources above before you act.